?教學(xué)背景
經(jīng)典故事是人類智慧的結(jié)晶,是文明傳承的重要手段,其中凝練了人們共同提倡的核心價(jià)值觀。因此,牛津教材小學(xué)版選擇了一部分英語經(jīng)典故事,《哈姆林的魔笛手》就是其中之一。
這個(gè)經(jīng)典故事,傳遞的核心價(jià)值觀是誠信,已經(jīng)有許多版本及豐富的表現(xiàn)形式,如話劇、歌曲等。最早版本來源于14世紀(jì),教材對故事進(jìn)行了改編,將結(jié)局修改為人們悔改并支付了報(bào)酬,孩子們也回來的美好結(jié)局。
然而,這一經(jīng)典故事之所以經(jīng)典,正因?yàn)楸瘎∈降慕Y(jié)局帶給人們深刻的反思。為了讓這一經(jīng)典故事發(fā)揮更大價(jià)值,讓孩子在學(xué)習(xí)英語的同時(shí),掌握一定的學(xué)習(xí)方法,提升思維品質(zhì),并能夠理解相應(yīng)的文化,我改編了教材,呈現(xiàn)了原版故事,并設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)施了教學(xué)。
?課堂實(shí)錄
I.Pre-reading
=>Activity 1. Warm up
說唱熱身,鋪墊語言
Teacher(以下簡稱T):Do you like music, Let’s say a rap together.
(師生合作搭配動(dòng)感音樂節(jié)奏進(jìn)行說唱)I say he, you say kind. He, kind, he, kind…
【設(shè)計(jì)意圖】通過說唱讓孩子們快速進(jìn)入上課狀態(tài),復(fù)習(xí)形容詞,為閱讀后的人物評價(jià)做準(zhǔn)備。
=> Activity 2. Get to know the setting of the story
交代故事背景,引發(fā)閱讀興趣
★Step 1呈現(xiàn)故事標(biāo)題,感知人物與背景
T:We will read a story about music today. It happened in the city of Hamelin, Germany.
(PPT呈現(xiàn)Google地圖上的城市以及實(shí)景雕像)
T:In the city of Hamelin, there is a statue. Look, he is playing the pipe,he is a piper.
(出示詞條piper,學(xué)生根據(jù)發(fā)音規(guī)則自主拼讀單詞)
展開詞條,呈現(xiàn)完整的故事標(biāo)題“The piper of Hamelin”,學(xué)生朗讀故事標(biāo)題。
T:Why is it in the city of Hamelin?What happened?Let’s read the story.
(PPT呈現(xiàn)故事所有圖片,學(xué)生讀圖,說出其余主要角色)
(PPT呈現(xiàn)故事場景1及文本The city of Hamelin is full of mice)
T:Look, so many mice!!! Listen…(播放老鼠音效)How do people feel?
Student(以下簡稱S):They feel sad/worried/angry/afraid…
★Step 2 激發(fā)求知欲望,增強(qiáng)提問能力
T:What will happen next?Do you have any questions?
(學(xué)生兩人討論,提出想了解的后續(xù)情節(jié),并帶著問題去閱讀)
S1:What's the ending?
S2:Do mice leave the city?
S3:Why are there so many mice?
S4:Do people have good ideas?
【設(shè)計(jì)意圖】從城市真實(shí)文化入手,激發(fā)學(xué)生的閱讀興趣。隨后呈現(xiàn)故事的主要沖突點(diǎn)之一,即人與老鼠的相處矛盾,針對這一沖突讓學(xué)生主動(dòng)提問來預(yù)測故事的發(fā)展,激發(fā)學(xué)生閱讀的主動(dòng)性。
II. While-reading
=>Activity 1. Read and scan
快速閱讀,查找信息
T:Read the story quickly and find out the ending. Do the mice leave the city of Hamelin?
(學(xué)生快速默讀,找出故事結(jié)局)
S:Yes, they walk away from the city.
T:Why do mice walk away?
S:A piper comes to help, he plays beautiful music, all the mice walk away.
T:That’s amazing! Let’s watch.
(播放相應(yīng)場景動(dòng)畫短片,以生動(dòng)的畫面加深學(xué)生對故事的理解)
=>Activity 2. Read the whole story and understand the main plot
仔細(xì)閱讀,深入理解
★Step 1 設(shè)疑,激發(fā)學(xué)生進(jìn)一步閱讀的興趣
T:All the mice walk away from the city. Are people happy?Is the piper happy?
(PPT出示魔笛手并不開心的圖片)
T:Why What happened?
★Step 2 仔細(xì)閱讀,借助故事山厘清文脈
(學(xué)生再次仔細(xì)閱讀,提煉關(guān)鍵線索,將故事發(fā)展的重要情節(jié)分別貼入相應(yīng)的方框完成故事山)
★Step 3 呈現(xiàn)故事山,互動(dòng)體驗(yàn),內(nèi)化故事
(學(xué)生兩人討論校對,合作匯報(bào)故事山)
S:The city of Hamelin is full of mice. A piper comes to help. He wants a bag of gold. The piper plays beautiful music. All the mice walk behind him. They walk away from the city, but people of Hamelin do not want to give the piper his gold. He plays beautiful music again. All the children walk behind him. They never come back.
(全班師生互動(dòng)提煉故事關(guān)鍵脈絡(luò),完成板書上的故事山)
【設(shè)計(jì)意圖】教師摒棄了控制性較強(qiáng)的問題式閱讀,給學(xué)生充分的時(shí)間,借助故事山這一可視化思維工具讓學(xué)生自主閱讀,厘清故事文脈。故事山以簡單的山形弧線形象地呈現(xiàn)了故事的發(fā)展過程,聚焦了故事的關(guān)鍵要素,有助于學(xué)生分析故事。
★Step 4 體驗(yàn)人物心理,表演關(guān)鍵片段
T:The people of Hamelin don't want to give the piper his gold. How does he feel?
S:He is very angry.
(PPT呈現(xiàn)魔笛手憤怒的表情以及音頻材料——What You said sure before, but now you say no. You don't keep your words, you are not honest!)
(學(xué)生理解honest和 keep your words的含義,并模仿朗讀,體會(huì)魔笛手憤怒的心情)
T:What does the piper do?Does he fight with the people of Hamelin?
S:No. He plays beautiful music again. And all the children walk behind him.
T:That's terrible. There are no children in the city. People can never see their lovely children. How do parents feel?What will they say?
S1:They are very sad.
S2:Maybe they say “We’re sorry”.
S3:We should keep our words.
T:What a sad story! Now let’s read and imitate the story and then act it out.
模仿音頻朗讀后,個(gè)別學(xué)生表演魔笛手、城市居民以及孩子,其余學(xué)生擔(dān)任旁白,集體合作表演這一片段。
【設(shè)計(jì)意圖】魔笛手的憤怒和居民的傷心是故事發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵之處,但由于教材篇幅所限,無法充分展開。因此教師通過音頻和視頻補(bǔ)充此處留白,并讓學(xué)生通過表演體驗(yàn)。
III. Post-reading
=>Activity Make comments, make a new story
評價(jià)人物,創(chuàng)編故事
★Step 1 通過動(dòng)畫整體回顧,多元視角評價(jià)人物
T:Do you like the piper?Do you like the people of Hamelin?Why/ Why not?
(學(xué)生4人小組討論,并匯報(bào)個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)。傾聽過程中,教師引導(dǎo)生生互動(dòng),激發(fā)學(xué)生對同一個(gè)人物多元視角的評價(jià))
S1:I don’t like the people of Hamelin. They are not honest.
S2:I like the piper. He’s very clever.
(教師詢問其他學(xué)生是否也喜歡魔笛手,學(xué)生發(fā)表不同觀點(diǎn))
S3:I don’t like the piper. He is not kind to the children. I don’t like his idea.
★Step 2 創(chuàng)意改編,講述故事
T:Do you have any good ideas?Please adapt your story mountain. Think and tell your new story.
(學(xué)生4人討論創(chuàng)意解決方案,分享新故事)
S1:The city of Hamelin is full of mice. People are very sad. A man comes to help, but he wants a bag of gold. People say:“No problem.” The piper plays amazing music, all the mice walk away from the city, but people of Hamelin don't give the gold. So the piper plays amazing music again. All the mice go back to the city.
S2:(此處省去其它情節(jié))The piper plays beautiful music, all the gold walk behind him.
(個(gè)別分享后,全體學(xué)生思考書寫新的解決方案和新結(jié)局)
【設(shè)計(jì)意圖】為了培養(yǎng)孩子的批判性思維,本環(huán)節(jié)提供了開放空間,讓他們能夠從多個(gè)角度去看待故事中的人物,進(jìn)行個(gè)性評價(jià)。當(dāng)一個(gè)孩子提出自己并不喜歡魔笛手的報(bào)復(fù),教師抓住這一契機(jī),追問有更好的主意嗎?并讓他們以故事山為依托,改編關(guān)鍵情節(jié),創(chuàng)意講述新故事。這一問題點(diǎn)燃了孩子們的思維火花,他們豐富的想象力和創(chuàng)造力讓人驚嘆。
★Step 3 批判看待人物,學(xué)習(xí)踐行誠信
T:The people of Hamelin are not honest. Why not?Are they bad?
(教師讓學(xué)生通過音頻和視頻材料體會(huì)該城市居民鼠患橫行時(shí)的煩惱)
音頻文本:“Oh, no! My kitchen is full of mice. Help!!!”“Yuk! My garden is full of mice. I can’t play. Go away!!!” “Oh, my god! My bedroom is full of mice. They hurt my baby, help!!! Dear piper, can you help us?Really?A bag of gold?Sure!”
T:But later, the people of Hamelin don't want to give the gold. Why not?
(學(xué)生猜測可能原因)
S1:A bag of gold is a lot of money. It's too much money.
S2:They don't have a bag of gold.
(PPT出示與誠信品質(zhì)有關(guān)的行為,學(xué)生辨別選擇,最后形成具體行為建議:We shouldn't make promises carelessly. We should keep our words seriously. We should do what we said even it's hard)
【設(shè)計(jì)意圖】標(biāo)簽式的說教并不能真正打動(dòng)學(xué)生,口號式的呼喊也只能流于形式。因此,教師通過具體情境中的人物行為和心理分析幫助學(xué)生更深刻地理解人物,之后從人物的行為表現(xiàn)中歸納出較具體的行為建議,讓誠信這一核心素養(yǎng)落地。
?教學(xué)反思
學(xué)科核心素養(yǎng)是學(xué)科育人價(jià)值的集中體現(xiàn),是學(xué)生通過學(xué)科學(xué)習(xí)逐步形成的正確價(jià)值觀念、必備品格和關(guān)鍵能力。核心素養(yǎng)的培養(yǎng)應(yīng)融入教學(xué)過程,語言能力、思維品質(zhì)、學(xué)習(xí)能力和文化意識的培養(yǎng)應(yīng)自然交織,相輔相成。
精確定位教學(xué)目標(biāo)是有效落實(shí)核心素養(yǎng)的前提。誠信是高度抽象凝練的概念,教學(xué)中不能只是泛泛而談。本課將誠信這一概念細(xì)化為不輕易許諾,堅(jiān)守諾言。而對于思維品質(zhì)的培養(yǎng),本課目標(biāo)具體化為通過人物多元評價(jià)培養(yǎng)批判性思維,通過改編故事發(fā)展創(chuàng)新思維。核心素養(yǎng)的培養(yǎng)應(yīng)依托于學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)清晰展開。核心素養(yǎng)培養(yǎng)的主角是學(xué)生,教師應(yīng)將視線轉(zhuǎn)移到學(xué)生身上,以清晰的學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì)落實(shí)具體的教學(xué)目標(biāo)。本課通過讓學(xué)生提問預(yù)測故事、閱讀完成故事山、評價(jià)人物、創(chuàng)編表演等學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng),將核心素養(yǎng)落到實(shí)處。
教師在進(jìn)行教學(xué)時(shí),不應(yīng)該為了追求教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié)的順暢而一味地告知學(xué)生答案,也不應(yīng)該讓學(xué)生機(jī)械記憶故事情節(jié),而要給他們充分的時(shí)間,讓學(xué)生經(jīng)歷推理、猜測、分析、應(yīng)用、創(chuàng)造等真正的學(xué)習(xí)思考過程,才能真正培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的核心素養(yǎng)。
(作者單位系浙江省溫州市籀園小學(xué))
《中國教師報(bào)》2019年06月26日第5版
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